import getopt
import sys

try:
    from StringIO import StringIO
except ImportError:
    from io import StringIO


def convertToCaretAndMNotation(data):
    newdata = StringIO()
    if isinstance(data, str):
        data = bytearray(data)

    for intval in data:
        if intval == 9 or intval == 10:
            newdata.write(chr(intval))
            continue
        if intval > 127:
            intval = intval - 128
            newdata.write("M-")
        if intval < 32:
            newdata.write("^")
            newdata.write(chr(intval + 64))
        elif intval == 127:
            newdata.write("^?")
        else:
            newdata.write(chr(intval))

    return newdata.getvalue().encode()


def main(argv):
    arguments = argv[1:]
    short_options = "v"
    long_options = ["show-nonprinting"]
    show_nonprinting = False

    try:
        options, filenames = getopt.gnu_getopt(arguments, short_options, long_options)
    except getopt.GetoptError as err:
        sys.stderr.write("Unsupported: 'cat':  %s\n" % str(err))
        sys.exit(1)

    for option, value in options:
        if option == "-v" or option == "--show-nonprinting":
            show_nonprinting = True

    writer = getattr(sys.stdout, "buffer", None)
    if writer is None:
        writer = sys.stdout
        if sys.platform == "win32":
            import os, msvcrt

            msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
    for filename in filenames:
        try:
            fileToCat = open(filename, "rb")
            contents = fileToCat.read()
            if show_nonprinting:
                contents = convertToCaretAndMNotation(contents)
            writer.write(contents)
            sys.stdout.flush()
            fileToCat.close()
        except IOError as error:
            sys.stderr.write(str(error))
            sys.exit(1)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv)